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چکیده
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A whey protein isolate (WPI) solution was hydrolyzed to a highly antioxidant hydrolysate (WPH) and particulated by ethanol addition to encapsulate gallic acid (GA). Particle-forming peptides were cross-linked with citric acid by several procedures including GA charging–cross-linking–desolvation (where the hydrolysate was charged with GA, then cross-linked with citric acid, and finally desolvated), cross-linking–GA charging–desolvation (where the hydrolysate was cross-linked, then charged with GA and finally desolvated), and GA charging–desolvation–cross-linking (where the hydrolysate was charged with GA, then desolvated to particles and finally particles were cross-linked with citric acid). The cross-linking–GA charging–desolvation method formed smaller particles and provided a higher encapsulation efficiency. ζ-Potential measurements showed that isoelectric point of all three kinds of peptidic particles was almost 4.3. Scanning electron microscopy indicated spherical and almost uniformly shaped particles. GA release kinetics and particle size monitoring informed that core is released mostly by a diffusion-based mechanism, not particle bursting
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