|
چکیده
|
Vulnerability is a key concept in flood hazard studies, especially concerning the damage to people, infrastructure, and housing. This article focuses on reducing housing vulnerability not only by managing floods at their source but also by introducing flood-adaptive housing design, such as flood chambers and spatial planning that avoids high-risk zones. Global challenges in housing stability during floods reveal shortcomings in flood management planning, particularly in the mountainous regions of the Danube basin (Austria) and the Karun and Karkheh basins (Iran). These areas demonstrate the need for improved integration of meteorological, hydrological, ecological, and geomorphological knowledge in planning, alongside better use of floodwaters in water-scarce regions. This study uses observational and case study methods, supported by over 20 years of empirical research and comparative data from the 2019–2022 floods in Iran and Austria. The research draws on six fields—meteorology, hydrology, ecology, geomorphology, hazard studies, and housing design—to propose a more integrated, process-based flood management model. The paper addresses three main aspects: (1) evaluating current scientific methods for reducing flood risk, (2) introducing geomorphic indicators to enhance flood data used in housing design, and (3) proposing housing concepts that absorb and utilize floods rather than resist them. A brief comparative validation highlights housing performance before and after adaptive measures were implemented. The result is a scientific guide map: a cross-disciplinary framework for sustainable housing design that incorporates flood chambers and better floodplain use. It offers a complementary strategy to traditional hydrological approaches, aimed at reducing flood damage and strengthen local freshwater resources.
|