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چکیده
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In recent decades selective pressures due to weed control caused new weed or invasive plants that required better management. Three experiments (laboratory, greenhouse and field) were conducted in Karaj in 2011 to evaluate the biology and control of Triticum boeticum Boiss (Wild einkorn) as a new weed in wheat fields of western provinces of Iran. The experiment was a complete randomized design with four replications in which treatments were arranged as factorial. The first factor was temperatures at six levels (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 °C), and second factor was osmotic potential at four levels (0,-4,-8,-12 bars). Herbicide treatments (diclofop methyl, fenoxaprop-p-ethyl, clodinafop-propargyl, isoproturon + diflufenican, sulfosulfuron, metribuzin, mezosulfuron + iodosulfuron, pinoxaden, and haloxyfop-r-methyl) were applied at recommended doses at two phenological stages of wheat and T. boeticum separately. Results showed a significant decrease in germination parameters at different temperatures by increasing osmotic potential. Among different temperatures, 30 °C caused a decline in the germination of T. boeticum to zero percent. Greenhouse study indicated that weed biomass was reduced by all herbicide treatments at both phenological stages next two month after herbicide application. Herbicides pinoxaden, sulfosulfuron and clodinafop-propargyl resulted in the highest reduction of 70.4, 75.4 and 77.5%, respectively, compared to the check. Therefore, they can be recommended for controlling this weed in infested areas. Meanwhile reduced biomass is good for competition, but reduced seed production is good for infestation on further years.
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