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چکیده
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Urban trees provide benefits that are fundamental to city's livability. These trees functions are thus often oriented toward human outcomes, such as shade, beauty, clean air and water, wildlife habitat that are essential elements to the health and comfort of any city. The functional benefits provided by urban forests depend on structural attributes such as species and location, as well as management activities that influence its growth, crown dimensions, and health. Unlike the trees that grow in a wild setting, urban trees are faced with harsh conditions such as soil compaction, air pollution, habitat fragmentation and competition from invasive species that can be detrimental to their health and growing potential. Harsh growing conditions and lack of information on the tolerances of urban tree cultivars to environmental constraints sometime lead to an unsuccessful activity in urban forestry programs. Nowadays extension of forest and plantation of around of cities, are considerate in most of countries. Urban forestry programs may fail if many technical details regarding planting site, soil, precipitation, species and microclimate is not fully known to the men engaged in tree planting. Present investigation was performed in Abidar Park with an area about 120 ha located on west of Sanandaj. Sanandaj city is center of Kurdistan province located in western part of Islamic Republic of Iran and is a diverse city with a mosaic urban forest – a patchwork of unique situations made up of trees growing in the many residential yards, lining the public streets, and beautifying public parks. Some conifer and hardwood species such as Pinus eldarica, Pinus nigra, Fraxinus rotundifolia, Robinia peseudoacacia, Biota orientalis, Celtis tournefortii and Cupressus arizonica were planted in the park. This survey aimed to study of some quantitative, qualitative and physiological characteristics of the urban trees planted in the Park to assessment of their adaptation and growth in order to
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