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چکیده
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Soil properties and forest productivity can be affected by heavy equipment used for logging but these impacts vary greatly with sitr conditions and operational practices. Current study was designed with two aims I to assess the effects of long-term logging on soil physicsl profile disturbed at surface soil on skid trail II to assess on survival re established seedling of hardwood species in this skid trail in mountainous forests, Iran. For these purposes, after intial survey in research area a skid trail with the length of 1 km which abandon at least twenty years since logging was selected. with respec to traffic intensity, three levels of traffic were sepparated from distance of log landing. Soil bulk density ( B.D. ) and total porosity ( T.P 0 was measured at 0-100 mm soil depth. Also re establishment seedling ofhardwood species as another indicator of long-term logging was recorded in plots 10 m long by 4 m width at the skid trail using full calibration mehod. At least 30-50 m away from skid trail parallel to previous plots, three plots control were establishhed. Results indicated that twenty years after logging BD and TP were significantly greater and lower respectively, than undisturbed areas. In low and high traffic intensity B.D and T.P by about 26.30 & 42.42 % greater 17.41 & 24.6 % lower respectively than undisturbed areas. Relationship between increase degree of compaction and incrase number of seedling was negatively at the 1% level. This study implied that of logging on B.D, T.P and re stablishments seedling in high traffic intensity was dramatic than undisturbed areas. Additionally results of their effects twenty years post logging have been remained yet. In order to sustain naturally long-term forest ecosystem and soil areas with minimal disturbance and compaction, it is recommended that predestinate of skid trails, permanent skid trails layout and eschhewing designate their skid trail in slop terrain specially slope > 20% in cut block be used to compl
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