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چکیده
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This study aimed to investigate the effect of environmental variables on the distribution of Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) in Sanandaj County over a six-year period from 2019 to 2024 using a Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression (GTWR) Model. In order to analyze the relationships between AOD and the factors affecting it, five environmental variables including soil moisture, wind speed, NDVI, LST and rainfall were selected. The GTWR model was implemented using GTWR-Addins, a software package in ArcGIS software. To improve its performance, GTWR was compared with OLS, GWR and TWR in terms of goodness of fit and other statistical measures. The GTWR model was able to identify spatial and temporal heterogeneities simultaneously and had higher explanatory power (R²=0.80) than other models. The spatial and temporal coefficients obtained from this model showed that wind speed and LST have a positive and stable effect on AOD and are considered the most important increasing factors. Soil moisture and NDVI have variable spatio-temporal behavior and in most cases have a reducing effect on AOD. Rainfall has a small-scale and nonlinear effect that varies depending on the spatial pattern and intensity of precipitation. These findings demonstrate the high importance of environmental variables in controlling AOD dynamics and the necessity of simultaneously considering spatial and temporal dimensions in environmental modeling. For future studies, the GTWR model can be used to analyze the AOD impact coefficients at multiple spatial scales and add significant factors such as population, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and road density.
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