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چکیده
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Background and Aim: Stretching exercises as a special exercises performed to achieve maximum muscle tension and tone. Also, this system is understood as a system of methods used to increase the range of motion in joints and is related to skeletal muscles and a part of the nervous system that controls them. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of passive, dynamic, PNF stretching exercises and foam roller on lower limb muscles activity during balance tests in soccer players. Methods: In a semi-experimental research, twenty soccer players voluntarily participated in this study. The electrical activity of seven muscles: tibialis anterior, vastus medialis and lateralis, biceps femoris, medial and lateral gastrocnemius, and soleus muscles were recorded during the leg stance time test and the Y balance test to calculate the co-contraction ratio using a surface electromyography device. At first, the subject performed the pre-test (recording the electrical activity of the muscles while performing balance tests without stretching), then randomly one of the types of stretching (static, dynamic, foam roller, static + foam roller, and dynamic + foam roller) and then the electrical activity of the muscles was recorded. Subjects performed the rest of the post-tests (the rest of the stretches) randomly after 72 hours, and the electrical activity of the muscles was recorded. To analyze the data, the analysis of variance test with repeated measures was used to examine the within and between groups effects. Results: All stretching exercises decreased the level of muscle activity and co-activation ratio during leg stance time test and the Y balance test (p<0.05). Dynamic stretching + foam roller had a greater effect on reducing the level of muscle activity and co-activation ratio during balance tests (p<0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of the research, it is suggested to use dynamic stretching exercises with foam roller to prevent
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