The conservation of endangered orchids presents unique challenges that require innovative biotechnological approaches. Recent advances in multiomics technologies, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, have revolutionized our understanding of orchid biology and conservation strategies. This chapter provides a comprehensive review of how integrated omics approaches are transforming orchid conservation efforts. We examine how genomic tools uncover genetic diversity patterns and population structure in endangered orchid species, while transcriptomic analyses reveal mechanisms of adaptation and stress response. The application of proteomics and metabolomics in understanding orchid physiology and secondary metabolism is discussed, with particular emphasis on their relevance to conservation strategies. Specific case studies demonstrating the successful integration of multiomics data in orchid conservation programs are presented, highlighting both ex situ and in situ conservation approaches. Additionally, we explore emerging technologies and future directions in omics-based conservation, including environmental DNA (eDNA) monitoring, CRISPR–Cas9 genome editing, and machine learning for predicting modeling and data integration. This synthesis provides valuable insights for researchers and conservation practitioners working to preserve endangered orchid species through advanced biotechnological interventions.
