Grapevine is an important crop plant cultivated worldwide. Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) is responsible for fanleaf degeneration, which is most severe disease of grapevine worldwide. For the past decade, researches on GFLV from vineyards in several provinces of west and north-west of Iran have resulted in some information on the virus including its detection and distribution. Primarily double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) has been used as the only method to survey for the virus. Later on, an initial screening by the ELISA was followed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using previously designed primers based on partial coat protein sequence. Results shown that vineyards in the west and north-west region of Iran are commonly infected with GFLV.Sequences of partial coat protein (CP) are now known for many GFLV isolates from the North-West of the country. By molecular analyses of such sequences, it has been revealed that the Iran isolates of GFLV are distinct from the isolates from other parts of the world
