Botryosphaeria/Botryosphaeria-like species are well known as pathogens, saprophytes and endophytes on a wide range of woody angiosperm and gymnosperm hosts. They are known to produce canker and die-back of branches and main stems. These fungi are often encountered in their anamorph' states including species of Fusicoccum (teleomorph Botryosphaeria), Neofusicoccum (tel. Botryosphaeria-like), Diplodia/Lasiodiplodia. During 2005-2007 some 30 isolates were obtained from different woody plants from several provinces of Iran. Isolation were made from single conidia or by directly plating out pieces of diseased tissue after surface sterilization in 96% ethanol for 3 min. Identification of the isolates were achieved on the basis of conidial characteristics. To induce sporulation, isolates were grown on 2% water agar amended with sterilized pine needles and incubated at 25 C under near-UV light in a 12 h light-dark regime for 3-6 wk. Sections through pycnidia and stromatal structures of some isolates were made with Leica CM100 cryostat. Colony features were determined on MEA, PDA and OA at 25 C. As the result, isolates were accomodated in four genera and identified as follows: Diplodia mutUa, D. cf. scrobiculata, D. cf. malorum, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Lasiodiplodia spp., Neofusicoccum luteum, N. cf. luteum, N. parvum, N. ribis, Neofusicoccum sp. and Fusicoccum aesculi. Of these, D. mutUa, D. cf. scrobiculata, D. cf. malorum, Lasiodiplodia spp., N. luteum, N. cf. luteum, N. parvum, N. ribis, Neofusicoccum sp. and F. aesculi are new records for Iran.
