This exploratory study investigates the challenges faced by English as a Foreign Language (EFL) university students in Erbil, Iraq, in developing speaking skills. Given the global importance of English proficiency, particularly in the context of higher education and professional opportunities, understanding these challenges is crucial. Despite recent advancements in English language education in Iraq, students continue to struggle with speaking proficiency due to a combination of linguistic, pedagogical, and sociocultural factors. Data were collected through interviews with students at Salahaddin University. The findings reveal significant barriers, including limited access to resources, outdated teaching methodologies, and cultural inhibitions. These challenges hinder students' ability to practice and improve their speaking skills effectively. The study highlights the need for targeted interventions, updated teaching practices, and enhanced support systems to address these issues. By providing insights into the specific obstacles encountered by EFL students in Erbil, this research contributes to the broader discourse on English language education and offers practical recommendations for improving speaking proficiency in similar educational contexts.
