This study examined the impact of a structured volleyball-specific fitness training on agility, vertical jump, speed, and balance in female volleyball players. A total of 24 female volleyball players (aged 15–25) randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 12), which followed a 6-week structured training program, or control group (n = 12), which continued regular volleyball training. Performance was assessed using the Illinois agility test, Sargent jump test, 6-m hop test, and Y Balance Test. Paired t-test results showed significant improvements within the experimental group in agility, p = .009, t(11) = 3.179, d = 0.918; vertical jump, p = .000, t(11) = −3.843, d = −1.109; speed (6-m hop test), p = .000, t(11) = 6.736, d = 1.944; and balance, p = .002, t(11) = −3.967, d = −1.145. In contrast, the control group showed no significant changes (effect sizes ranged from d = 0.087 to 0.557), with small to moderate effects observed in agility, p = .769, t(11) = −0.301, d = −0.087; vertical jump, p = .249, t(11) = −1.217, d = −0.351; speed, p = .080, t(11) = 1.930, d = 0.557; or balance, p = .228, t(11) = −1.267, d = −0.380. Analysis of covariance indicated no significant between-group differences in agility, p = .839, F(1, 21) = 0.042, η2 = .002, and balance, p = .089, F(1, 21) = 3.187, η2 = .132. However, the experimental group showed significantly greater improvements than the control group in vertical jump, p = .042, F(1, 21) = 4.681, η2 = .182, and speed, p = .001, F(1, 21) = 16.709, η2 = .443, indicating moderate to large effect sizes. These findings emphasize the importance of targeted training programs in optimizing performance indicators for female volleyball players.
