The complete genome sequence of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus strain Kurdistan (ZYMV-Kurdistan) infecting squash from Iran was determined from 13 overlapping fragments. Excluding the poly (A) tail, ZYMV-Kurdistan genome consisted of 9593 nucleotides (nt), with 138 and 211 nt in 5’ and 3’ non-translated regions, respectively. It contained two open reading frames (ORFs), the large ORF encoding a polyprotein of 3080 amino acids (aa) and the small overlapping ORF encoding a P3N-PIPO protein of 74 aa. This isolate had six unique aa differences compared to other ZYMV isolates and shared 79.6 to 98.8% identities with other ZYMV genome sequences at the nt level and 90.1 to 99% identities at the aa level. A phylogenetic tree of ZYMV complete genomic sequences showed that Iranian and Central European isolates are closely related and form a phylogeneticaly homogenous group. All values in the ratio of substitution rates at non-synonymous and synonymous sites (dNS/dS) were below 1, suggestive of strong negative selection forces during ZYMV proteins history. This is the first report of complete genome sequence information of the most prevalent virus in the west of Iran. This study helps our understanding of the genetic diversity of ZYMV isolates infecting cucurbit plants in Iran and can assist in designing better diagnostic tools and virus control strategies, and in understanding virus evolution and epidemiology.
