Purpose – This study aims to identify the challenges faced by women in leadership roles within Iranian sports organizations across three levels: macro, meso and micro. Design/methodology/approach – The researchers used qualitative methodology and conducted semi-structured interviews to gain the perspective of Iranian women sport leaders. In total, 10 women with at least five years of managerial experience in Iranian sports organizations were included in the study. Interviews were conducted from November 2022 to June 2023. Data were analyzed through the application of thematic analysis. Findings – Findings revealed the challenges faced by female leaders in Iranian sports organizations vary across different levels. The macro-challenges consist of development levels, cultural aspects and differences in position. Structural discrimination in women’s selection by organizations, weaknesses in educational strategies and symbolic selection of women were observed as challenges at the meso level. Finally, psychological characteristics, political communication skills and personal life challenges were identified as micro-level challenges. Originality/value – This study used a multifaceted approach to identify challenges to women’s leadership inIranian sports organizations and highlighted the Iranian context as a non-Arab Middle Eastern country. The interaction of cultural, organizational and personal factors within the specific socio-political framework distinguishes it from other regional studies. This approach not only fills a gap in regional research but alsoenriches the global discourse on gender and leadership in sports.
