The research looks at how the COVID-19 pandemic affected vulnerability and economic strength in 150 countries between 2020 and 2021. By using the Panel Smooth Transition Regression model, it discovered a complex connection between different factors. The pandemic made countries more vulnerable and weakened their economic resilience. This highlights the need for nations to boost their strength by taking steps such as broadening their economies, investing in healthcare, creating support programs, maintaining trade, and building stronger economic defenses against both pandemic-related vulnerabilities and natural disasters. Ultimately, the article stresses the importance of countries reinforcing their resilience through strong policies and actions that cover different aspects of their economies and healthcare systems, addressing the challenges brought on by the pandemic and potential future crises.
