نبرد حبیبی

Failure can mean a part has separated into two or more pieces; has become permanently distorted, thus ruining its geometry; has had its reliability downgraded; or has had its function compromised, whatever the reason. A designer speaking of failure can mean any or all of these possibilities. Depending on the ability of material to undergo plastic deformation before the fracture two fracture modes can be defined -ductile or brittle ceramics, ice, cold metals: Relatively little plastic deformation Crack is “unstable”: propagates rapidly without increase in applied stress Ductile fracture is preferred in most applications