Sexed semen technology exemplifies a powerful biotechnological advancement that is transforming dairy cattle breeding by offering precise control over the offspring’s sex ratio, thereby significantly enhancing genetic selection strategies and economic outcomes. In Iran, the application of X-sorted semen in Holstein herds primarily aims to produce replacement heifers, which are essential for sustaining and improving the genetic quality of the dairy herd in subsequent generations. This targeted use of X-sorted semen ensures the retention of valuable, high-genetic-value females, thereby boosting milk production and herd longevity. Conversely, Y-sorted semen is employed to produce male calves, particularly from older, high-lactating cows with lower breeding values, aligning with the "Beef on Dairy" initiative. This approach provides an additional resource for dairy farms by generating male calves with high potential for fattening and efficient meat production. These hybrid male calves, often from beef breeds such as INRA95, offer an economically valuable product and diversify farm outputs. The strategic deployment of sexed semen technology not only enhances reproductive efficiency and genetic progress but also yields tangible benefits in practical dairy systems, including the production of high-value replacements and marketable beef. Despite current logistical challenges, ongoing innovations in semen sorting and reproductive management are promising. Adoption of this biotechnological tool in Iran’s dairy and beef sectors can accelerate genetic gains, optimize resource utilization, and contribute to sustainable livestock production systems.
