Hydrogen is essential for sustainability, it is an exceptional option with enough storage capacity, it provides seasonal storage, it is zero emission, and provides feedstock to many products. Hydrogen is also utilized as a buffer to increase resilience of power systems. Some analysts predict that the surpluses of renewable electricity will be so excessive that it will be necessary to convert the electricity into hydrogen and then into synthetic hydrocarbons or other products. Hydrogen electrolyzers can produce green hydrogen with GHG emission less than 1 kg CO2e per kg when coupled with renewable electricity. Among different technologies, only Alkaline Electrolyzer (AE) and proton exchange membrane electrolyzer (PEME) are technologically mature and can be used for large-scale hydrogen production. Large-scale hydrogen production requires a reliable power supply, with low electricity cost. To reach this goal, electricity can be supplied from both the grid and renewable micro-grids. Therefore, the interaction between electrolyzer, grid, and renewable micro-grids is essential to be well understood to produce hydrogen at a competitive price.
