A nanocomposite containing imidazolium based on modified silica nanoparticles (polyimidazolium based on nano silica particles [PIZNS]) was prepared to remove nitrate from water. The prepared compounds were fully characterized by Fourier transform infrared, 1H-NMR, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and thermogravimetric analyzes. The ability of PIZNS in nitrate ions adsorption was tested under different operating conditions. The maximum removal efficiency and adsorption capacity (Qmax) of the PIZNS were obtained 90.56% and 37.73 mg g1, respectively (initial nitrate ion concentration of 50 mg/L, at pH = 7, 30 mg adsorbent, contact time of 30 min). To evaluate the selectivity coefficient, the removal of nitrate ion was determined in the presence of competitive sulfate, bicarbonate, chloride, and phosphate ions by adsorbent. Further, kinetic and isotherm investigation showed best fit by second order and Langmuir models, respectively. In addition, the anti-cancer properties and subsequently the cytotoxicity effect of the PIZNS was assayed in vitro using cisplatin as a standard against three cancer cell lines including PC12, HL60, and βTC. The most potent inhibition effect was observed toward HL60 cells by PIZNS. Thus, the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential was evaluated in these cells. In addition, the cytostatic effect of this polymer was depicted in the HL60 3D spheroid model
