Two series of new diamine monomers containing ether linkages, polar trifluoromethyl (-CF3), and xanthene segments were prepared. In addition, relevant high-performance polyamides (PAs) were synthesized through condensation polymerization with applying diverse aliphatic and aromatic dicarboxylic acids. The structure of compounds were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), and elemental analysis. The inherent viscosities values of the polymers were from 0.48 dL/g to 0.67 dL/g. The PAs indicated the glass transition temperatures (Tg), and 10% weight loss temperatures recorded within the range of 187–244 °C and 395–497 °C in N2 atmosphere, respectively. Polyamides showed a well antibacterial activity, with respect to the presence of xanthene segments in their structure. The polymeric nanocomposite was prepared through a combination of one of the synthesized polyamides with modified graphene oxide nanoparticles (m-GO NPs). The formation of potent chemical linkage across (m-GO) NPs and polymer chains caused photoluminescence intensity to enhance, thermal stability, and antibacterial properties of the nanocomposite than pure polyamide. The study of chromium ions adsorption from aqueous solutions was also performed at 25 °C and pH 7–8.
