A novel approach for fault detection in high voltage DC transmission system using neural networks is presented in the presented method at first , Harmonics of voltage waveform in rectifier side are derived rapidly by using an adaptive linear neuron . then , different types of faults including DC line fault , AC system fault and converter`s faults are detected property using proposed criterion .In the under study voltage DC transmission systems system ,rectifier and its controllers and required filters is modeled completely. A proposed criterion is tested on a high voltage DC system by computer simulation performed in MATLAB/Simulink environment. simulation results demonstrates that the proposed approach can be used for online fault detection in high voltage DC systems. Keyword : High Voltage Direct Current Transmission fault Detection. Power Electronic Converters . ADAptive Linear Neuron (ADALINE)