Increases in droughts due to climate change and variability have placed a large amount of pressure on the natural ecosystems in the world. Drought is especially characterized by a considerable decrease in water availability caused by a deficit in precipitation during a significant period over a large area. Drought and water scarcity have large impacts on the livelihood and welfare of farmers who have dependence on the water resources. In spite of concerns about increasing frequency, severity, and duration of drought and its unfavorable effects on crop production, food security, and development, if this phenomenon is properly managed, its negative impacts can mitigate. With attention to this point, agricultural sector faces with the question of how its stockholders can mitigate drought to attain sustainability. To respond to this dilemma, we use the social–ecological resilience theory as an appropriate proactive response to mitigate the adverse effects of drought and introduce ways in which resilience to drought and climate change can be improved.
