The Zafarghand intrusive rocks comprise granite, granodiorite, diorite and gabbro in composition and contain many mafic to intermediate microgranular enclaves. Samples from Zafarghand complex present a wide range of silica content (SiO2 = 49.08 to 77.56 wt. %), as well as relatively low Mg# (ranging from 11 to 44), Ni content (ranging from 1.5 to 52.8 ppm), Cr content (ranging from 10 to 246 ppm) and Sr–Nd isotope (87Sr/86Sr(i) ranging from 0.705123 to 0.705950 and εNd(T) ranging from -1.04 to +1.03) compositions. Consequently, their parental magma is not in equilibrium with the primary mantle melts and/or pure lower continental crust. The corresponding Nd model age (TDM) for the felsic unit is in the range of 1.01–1.1 Ga. It is clear that the geochemical properties of the Zafarghand complex are compatible with the consumption and closure of the Neotethyan Ocean in the UDMA, which is similar to the Sanandaj–Sirjan zone of Iran too. According to many researchers the timing of Arabia–Eurasia collision of the Arabian and Eurasian plates began in the Oligocene/Miocene. Consequently, it is reasonable to the upper Oligocene Zafarghand complex formed in the transition setting from the northeastward subduction of the Neotethyan slab gradully to initial collision between Arabia and Eurasia
