Friedrich Nietzsche's critique of established institutions including the discourse of modernity is revealed in a number of books which have stood the test of time. Nietzsche first criticized the philosophical tradition founded by Socrates; then, he has rebuked the founders of and the major contributors to the philosophy of Modernity who had a semi-mathematical style of argumentation. Although Arthur Schopenhauer was the first western philosopher to show some of the deficiencies of the western man's trust in his intellect, it was really Friedrich Nietzsche who directed a major part of his philosophical system against the recent tradition of western philosophy generally called the philosophy of modernity. Nietzsche's The Twilight of the Idols is partially dedicated to exploring the shortcomings of the thought of the philosophers of the modernity. In the third and ninth sections of this book, ‘Reason’ in Philosophy, and Skirmishes of an Untimely Man, Nietzsche sought to foreground the limitations of the pure reason of man on which most of the philosophers of modernity had relied and, thus presented his severe attacks on the issues and figures of modernity. ‘Critique of Modernity,’ ‘Modern democracy,’ ‘modern spirit,’ and even ‘modern marriage’ are those concepts that Nietzsche attempted to reveal their misused employment of rationality.
