2026/6/6
Behrooz Malekolkalami

Behrooz Malekolkalami

Academic rank: Associate Professor
ORCID:
Education: PhD.
ResearchGate:
Faculty: Faculty of Science
ScholarId:
E-mail: b.malakolkalami [at] uok.ac.ir
ScopusId: Link
Phone: 09188711601
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Research

Title
Generalized holographic dark energy model with varying C
Type
JournalPaper
Keywords
Generalize holographic dark energy; Hubble length; dominant dark energy; dominant; matter; dark energy density; deceleration parameter.
Year
2026
Journal International Journal of Modern Physics A
DOI
Researchers KARIMI parvin ، Behrooz Malekolkalami

Abstract

In this paper, we consider a theoretical model for Holographic Dark Energy ðHDEÞ based on the Hubble horizon as a IR cut-o®. Our aim is to investigate the evolution of the Generalized Holographic Dark Energy ðGHDEÞ model by varying the parameter C as a function of redshift i.e. C ¼ CðzÞ in the °at universe of Fridmann Robertson Walker (FRW). We have extracted the parameters of the equation of state, fractional dark energy density and deceleration and examined their behavior by plotting each of them in terms of redshift. Our ¯ndings show that the GHDE model described in the Hubble length IR cut-o® could be a phantom or quintessence in the future. We have also shown that in the past, dark matter was dominant, indicating a slow expansion of the universe. We currently witness a period of dominant dark energy, meaning that the expansion of the universe is accelerating, consistent with observations. Finally, we have shown that in the future depending on the value of the holographic parameter, we may witness a sustained accelerating expansion, a phantom or a Big Rip. In general, our analysis shows that by varying the holographic parameter, the Hubble horizon, despite its limitations, can successfully drive late-time cosmic acceleration and exhibit rich phenomenology including phantom and quintessence phases.