Frequency control is one of the important control problems in interconnected power system design and operation, and is becoming more significant today due to the increasing size, changing structure, emerging microgrids, renewable energy sources, environmental constraints, and new uncertainties. In a conventional power system, the majority of supply-demand balancing is achieved by controlling the output of dispatchable generation resources rather than distributed generators (DGs) and renewable energy sources (RESs) to follow the changes in demand. Increases in microgrids, DGs and active control of con sumption open the way to new control strategies with a more control hierarchy/intelligence and decentralized property. The frequency control in a modern power system should handle complex multi-objective regulation optimization problems characterized by a high degree of diversification in policies, control strategies, and widely distribution in demand and supply sources. This seminar provides a thorough understanding of the fundamentals of frequency control in modern power systems as well as in the Microgrids with distributed DGs/RESs; and addresses several new schemes. The seminar mainly summarizes the research and academic experiences of the speaker on the related fields in three countries of Iran, Japan and Australia.