Introduction. Although people can be trained to control their Electro-Encephalo-Graphic (EEG) signals through current EEG-based neurofeedback (NF) techniques, many of them yet fail to do so. However, NF continues to attract attention partly because of its simple setup, and partly due to recent interests in brain-connected portable devices. On the other hand, mindfulness is increasingly integrated into psychological interventions. In these so-called third-wave therapeutic methods, controlling of thoughts is not the main issue as in classic cognitive therapy and NF, rather they focus on accepting the thoughts non-judgmentally. The current study was aimed to include this basic concept into NF by introducing “mindfulness of brain waves”. Materials and Methods. Two groups of university students (ten participants, 5 females, 5 males) performed baseline and post-training EEG-NF sessions. Between the two sessions, the Experimental group did mindfulness of their brain signals on an Infiniti EEG Suite NF display (Thought Tech. LTD.) with a trainer who pretended watching his own brain waves, on a second monitor, while giving the “mindfulness of brain waves” instructions. The control group was asked to simply look at the screen showing his/her brain waves. Recordings of all runs were done from Cz channel (International 10-20 EEG placement system). Results. The analysis of mean EEG waves using repeated measure on baseline and post-training runs revealed a significant increase in Peak Alpha Frequency (PAF, both raw and standard scores) for the experimental, but not the control, group. However, a significant decrease in mean beta band was found for both groups. There were more positive and negative changes in other waves (including theta, delta, and SMR) but none was found significant. Conclusion. Employing the current mindfulness based NF was shown to have an effect on brain waves, especially PAF (similar to an earlier study that induced positive effect, Angelakis et al., 2007).
